In the field of oil and gas extraction and processing industry, based on safety and economic considerations, it is objectively required that every aspect of the entire project be completed under strict control. This situation has become an important basis for the widespread use of instruments in the oil and gas industry environment. The status and role of instruments require relevant personnel to give full attention to their working conditions. Only by ensuring the health level of the instrument system itself can a solid foundation be achieved for the stable development of the entire oil and gas industry production.

1. Analysis of Instrument Operation in Oil and Gas Working Environment

At present, instruments in the oil and gas industry environment have shown a new trend in automation with the continuous deepening of the information age. At the same time, another aspect that cannot be ignored is that the amount of instrument data also shows a significant increase. The main development directions of these two aspects mean that in the petroleum industry environment, based on considerations of safety, economy, and efficiency, more instruments will be involved in monitoring the entire industrial environment, and will inevitably exhibit stronger real-time characteristics in data transmission and acquisition.

To achieve more efficient troubleshooting of instrument failures in the oil and gas working environment, it is necessary to further analyze the relevant working characteristics of the instruments. Firstly, in this work environment, the responsibilities of instruments are usually based on four main aspects: temperature, pressure, flow rate, and liquid level. Instruments that focus on different working characteristics also have significant differences in their working principles and fault manifestations. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the efficiency of its troubleshooting work and enhance the health level of the instrument system itself, it is first necessary to have in-depth learning and understanding of the working principles and performance characteristics of the instrument itself in daily life. From the design scheme and design intention to the structure, performance, and parameters of the instrument itself, it is necessary to have a certain understanding. Only in this way can the cause of the fault be accurately determined in the first time when it occurs, and maintenance and recovery work can be carried out in the shortest possible time.

In addition, for the monitoring and maintenance of instrument failures, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of data systems in the current information environment. Through the powerful database construction of the data center and related technologies such as artificial intelligence, strengthening and deepening the analysis and understanding of instrument feedback data can help staff discover fault manifestations in the instrument system in the first time, and use historical data and other horizontal data as supporting basis to help achieve decision analysis. The continuous improvement of data systems is itself an important means of discovering instrument faults and enhancing potential fault capabilities. It must be persisted in order to achieve good results.

Finally, an aspect that cannot be ignored is the construction of a professional troubleshooting and maintenance team. A team that is more familiar with the internal knowledge of the instrument system must be able to perform outstandingly when facing faults, which has a positive significance in reducing the damage of faults to the system itself. In practical work, it is possible to consider establishing an effective and free communication platform for the supervision of relevant staff groups, not only in the network, but also in reality, to establish a suitable environment for maintenance and repair personnel to communicate, ensuring that relevant fault indications can be effectively and quickly communicated. Only in this way can we achieve a polite and secure shaping of the instrument system from the personnel level.

2. Analysis of common faults in instruments

Through the analysis of the characteristics of the instrument system in the oil and gas industry environment, it can be found that strengthening the construction of support systems can effectively help improve the overall health level of the instrument system, and has undeniable positive value for rapid and effective troubleshooting and work recovery after faults occur. However, at the same time, it is also necessary to have a deeper understanding and knowledge of common faults in instruments with different working characteristics, only in this way can we effectively achieve rapid troubleshooting.

In summary, the fault characteristics of instrument systems in the working environment of oil and gas fields can be divided into the following four main aspects based on the attributes of the instruments themselves.

2.1 Fault analysis of temperature control instrument system

For temperature control instruments, electric instruments are commonly used for measurement, indication, and control, and the measurements of such instruments often exhibit significant time lag characteristics. For this instrument, if its reading suddenly shows an extreme value or experiences sudden fluctuations, it indicates that the instrument may have malfunctioned. Because for the production environment of oil and gas fields, the temperature usually remains relatively stable. For instruments that suddenly indicate extreme values, long-term consideration should be given to whether there are faults such as thermocouple, thermistor, compensation wire breakage, or transmitter amplifier failure; For situations where the displayed values fluctuate significantly or fluctuate rapidly, the focus should be on whether the instrument control system itself has malfunctioned based on the relevant parameter settings and personnel operation confirmation.

2.2 Fault analysis of pressure control instrument system

Relatively speaking, the fault problems faced by pressure control instrument systems are relatively simple, usually manifested in two ways: one is the rapid oscillation and fluctuation of instrument readings, and the other is the appearance of dead lines. For faults with oscillation performance, the first step should be to check whether there are any changes in the process operation, and based on this, consider whether there are any situations where the PID parameters are not applicable. For situations where a dead line occurs, faults usually accumulate in the pressure measurement system. The first step is to check whether there is any blockage in the measurement pressure conduit system. Secondly, the output system of the pressure transmitter should be examined for any changes, and the controller should measure whether the indication system is healthy.

2.3 Fault analysis of flow control instrument system

Flow control instruments are relatively important for the oil and gas industry environment, and the related fault situations are also relatively complex. When the indication value of the flow control instrument system reaches its minimum, it is necessary to first confirm the on-site detection instruments and determine the location of the fault by checking the opening of the regulating valve. If the on-site detection instrument indicates the minimum value and the regulating valve opening is normal, it should be considered whether the fault exists in the system pressure insufficient, system pipeline blockage, pump failure, medium crystallization, improper operation and other links. If the fault exists in the instrument aspect, it is necessary to investigate whether the orifice plate differential pressure flowmeter has problems such as gear jamming. When both the flow control instrument and the detection instrument show the maximum value, the regulating valve can be manually controlled to determine whether the fault is caused by process operation through flow changes.

2.4 Fault analysis of liquid level control instrument system

When the liquid level control instrument system malfunctions, the first thing to check is the condition of the detection instrument. When the detection instrument is normal, it can be changed to manual control to check the condition. If manual control still cannot stabilize the liquid level, it should be confirmed as a process malfunction. When the liquid level control system is inconsistent with the on-site read-only indicator instrument, it is necessary to check the sealing liquid of the negative pressure conduit of the differential pressure liquid level instrument on the premise of confirming that the on-site instrument is normal, to ensure that there is no leakage, and to confirm and correct the negative displacement of the instrument according to the actual situation. When the indication fluctuation of the liquid level control instrument system is severe, it is necessary to first analyze the capacity of the liquid level control object and distinguish whether it is caused by instrument failure or process.

3. Conclusion

In the oil and gas industry environment, the normal operation of instruments is directly related to the safety and efficiency of the entire industrial environment, and indirectly affects the economic interests of the organization. Therefore, it needs to be given special attention. In practical work, it is also necessary to strengthen the summary of the characteristics of the working status of the instrument system, so as to make correct judgments in the shortest possible time when faults occur, and effectively support the further development of industrial work.